National Museum of Damascus

Located Damascus National Museum on the banks of the Barada River or next to a branch in the heart of the Syrian capital Damascus, and next to the city of Damascus International Fair old, located building Damascus National Museum, which is Dean museums Syrian Among the most important museums Arabic, is the largest and the oldest and most famous and is Boqsama and gardens large museums manywithin a single museum, also featuring prominent Syrian effects discovered in the twentieth century. Therefore researchers look and Arab and foreign scholars to this museum as a documentary and reference historical and civilizational important not at the level of the Middle East, but also at the global level.
Effects were discovered in Syria in the Ottoman era moves to Istanbul museums or in the hands of foreign traders were finding their way out of the country and there are thousands of Syrian artifacts in the museums of Europe and the world. At the time of independence in 1919, the latest Arab Academy in Damascus National Museum was established, has singled out the National Museum of Damascus then save Classical Archaeology and then allocated the halls of the effects of Islamic Art. In 1939 the work of the establishment of the eastern section of the museum and then added him interface Heer Palace discovered in the western Syrian Desert central Syria. Business ended in 1950 where she officially inaugurated the museum and still works list so far to create new sections and updating old Syrian footprints are many and varied and constantly discoveries, following in all regions of Syria, which is home to many of the oldest and most important civilizations at all.Until the end of the First World War was not in Syria known sense Museum of Museums. But Syrian intellectual class, which visited Europe and looked at museums and functions in those countries realized the importance of museums, and necessity and that there must be the establishment of a national museum in Damascus shall maintain the heritage and contribute to the dissemination of culture and education. And achieve her dream of the decision to establish this museum in 1919. The Knowledge Bureau was established and followed him Effects Division, which mandated the establishment of the National Museum of Damascus, and was chosen as the school building Adiliyya archaeological dating back to the Ayyubid era to be the headquarters for the proposed museum at the time. Her Syrian families this cultural event and presented to the museum Alwaleed some souls of its archaeological collections formed the nucleus of the museum. At that time also dispatched Prince Jaafar al-Husseini to France, and was the first envoy from Syria to study the effects of specialization and museums.
Then began to think about the construction of a huge new building for the museum, and has already completed the first part of the building in 1936 and was inaugurated with an exhibition handicraft Damascus. And then after another process of building other parts of the museum until it reached its current status. The day of the most important museums of the region.
Special features distinguish National Museum of Damascus says researcher Zuhdi something important is to rebuild the rest of the Historic Buildings Syria inside the museum, such as the interface Palace Heer Western visitor surprised when you begin a visit to the museum facade Palace Heer Umayyad, which dates back to the Caliph Hisham bin Abdul Malik in 727 m. We find in this interface what we might call an aesthetic architecture Arab-Islamic and magnitude, including door huge, models and windows restored is find him early art Arab Muslim named arabesque also reconstructed Vault Tadmoury full of statues midterm, which dates back to the family Arahal Tadmuriyyah and gives an idea of ​​the burial rites of Altadmrien . There is also a wonderful local synagogue is decorated with paintings and drawings as in all old buildings Syrian, was found in the city of a  Aorobos role on the Euphrates River, and is characterized by the synagogue cut down on the magnificent murals dating back to around the year 246 AD. Then there is the Damascene Hall rebuilt, which is transferred from Harika district of Damascus, and Palace House Bey, and this room back to the eighteenth century. Finally, there is a mosque entrances Albga that existed in Marjeh Square, this entrance was rebuilt in the museum's garden.
Sections of the museum divides the National Museum of Damascus into five main sections, each of which is an integrated museum and other galleries and exhibition halls. Has been divided by historical eras addition to the museum's garden, which is also an independent museum in the open air.
First sections museum is prehistoric It has important effects from about a million years BC to the advent of writing. The visitor finds this section traces the beginnings of civilization and how primitive man used stones as tools and then how it began adapting these stones to make them useful in its Kalmtariq and drills and so on. As seen in this section skeleton found in a cave Aldidria near the town of Afrin in Aleppo. It dates back to the era of Neanderthals (120 thousand years BC). Well there in Jmjmtan section were found in the ash hill near the cotton South Damascus andto about seven thousand years BC. There remains animal bones found in the basin Aellatamna province of Hama and back to the stone ages old, then the beginnings of pottery in Syria since 7000 BC. M. and how made him statues and there gems, as well as stones used to crush grain and other content.Eastern Section II is the Syrian Department of Antiquities ancient Eastern and includes the effects belonging to the period since the beginning of the emergence of writing, until the coming of Alexander the Great to the Levant. This section includes masterpieces effects ancient Canaanite civilization discovered in Ugarit, the most important of which is the first alphabet alphabet known to mankind after it was written by human images, and shortened these pictures Making alphabet and mud Brgim preserved in this section. Then comes the effects of ivory also discovered in Ugarit on the Syrian coast. In section also sword back to Egypt's Pharaoh Ramses II. And the effects of Amore discovered in the city of Mary and the texts of mud and very important human rights issues. In Section also effects Aramaic and Pharaonic monument recently discovered in an area near Damascus cladding. And there Tel Amrit effects Tel Alkzel and Phoenician effects and the effects of the famous Kingdom of Ebla.The third section is a section local Syrian effects and these go back to the Greek and Roman eras, Byzantines, this section includes the effects of the city of Palmyra, which was on the Silk Road. There are sculptures and statues Tdmouryh for men and women Mazinat jewelery, there are remnants of silk and linen fabrics and woolen discovered in Palmyra and was famous for its Palmyra civilization. In section also the effects of the provinces of Sweida and Deraa, including basalt stones carved magnificent sculptures. As well as masterpieces of mosaic mosaic discovered in the city of Shahba represent agriculture, culture, philosophy, and justice, and the most prominent of these paintings in this section  Panel relating to the legend of the famous beginning of the Olympic Games, a valuable documentary art and civilization. There Antiques mosaic discovered in the city of Homs represent priests Christians is one of the most beautiful created it mosaic in the Byzantine era, and in Section suite gold jewelery featuring the finest creations of our ancestors in the art of drafting and masterpieces ornaments from earrings and rings and rings and bracelets and clasps and Khalakhl. The wing money, and where he was discovered groups and from different epochs of money Athens and Alexander the Great and the Seleucids and the Ptolemies and the Byzantines and other civilizations that have passed in Syria. There is also a suite of Byzantine art and find the masterpieces of Arab Christian art in Syria in the fourth century AD onwards, including saddle and Christian Burners and glass murals.Department of Arab-Islamic Arabic section Islamic museum section goes very beginning exhibits since the era of the Umayyad, including interface Palace Hayr al-Gharbi and earthenware tenderness which was the capital of Caliph Harun al-Rashid and exhibits of cups glass labeled «drink and for hundreds» jars beautiful, and there are special hall effects stone and carved beautiful belonging to the Mamluk era represent a doctor carrying drugs in Top books «all of God wellness and there is a 'niche' glass decorated with red enamel, yellow and blue. In this section manuscripts hall that displays the finest Arabic manuscripts and the most important manuscript Abulcasis back to the eleventh century AD and manuscript «law» of Ibn Sina and manuscript related eye disease and the Koran and many other artifacts.Modern Art and finally displays in the Department of Modern Art the most beautiful created it contemporary artists of paintings and sculptures, there are statues of Abbas Ibn Firnas and Ibn Rushd and Druze Belle and bigeye and return these works by contemporary artists such as Tawfiq Tariq and Dirani and Mahmood Jalal and Adnan gospel and Naseer Schori and others.Outside the building, the visitor finds himself in the garden of the vast museum, which includes the most beautiful art created it Syrian various ages and can not be displayed in the halls of the museum. It exhibits in the garden coffin discovered in the town of Rastan represents Mneyadr legend and a statue of a lion in Latakia finder huge mosaic mosaic discovered in Hama and there is a huge column capitals and various monuments and many stones and statues.A brief summary of all sections of the museum and some of the exhibits in the Forums and the various halls and auditoriums: -
Effects of prehistoricThe effects of ancient SyriaClassical Antiquities in Syria (Greek and Byzantine)Palmyra and raised roleWing Greek and Roman art and Byzantine in SyriaWing Arab and Islamic monumentsHall effects tendernessVault TadmourySyrian glass roomsMuseum of Modern ArtBaha ArabMain lobbyGarden MuseumContents of ancient Syrian Department of Antiquities and the effects of pre-history.And includes the following sectors:
- Hall of Ras Shamra - Ugarit First- Hall of Ras Shamra Ugarit second- Hall of civilization Syria Interior- Hall of coastal civilization Syria- Mary Hall - Tel HaririIt contents Hall Ras Shamra (Ugarit first: a glass funnel of silver, bowl of silver, knife of pure gold, pins, clothing of gold and silver, head hastily coated glass tilted to blue. And contents Hall Ras Shamra (Ugarit second): scenes of great beauty.
Oldest alphabet in the world, an alphabet of Ugarit and a lot of effects like the sword of average handle of ivory, a set of cylinder seals, weights of bronze, groups of stone, diverse belonging to the Bronze Age, and a set of crockery, Tomb Canaanite due to the Middle Bronze Age and exhibits different Ugarit.
And the effects of the Tel lifted - Arpad's Hall effects Syrian Interior: The head of a bronze bull and some of the crockery, in addition to clay models of vehicles with four wheels and some of the effects of Arpad.
It is the contents of the hall coastal civilization Syria Tel Sue Cass: pottery jar head person of white stone, Statue Bernza mother sitting put a small child on her lap, arrowheads and a set of knives and tools in addition to some Almkchavat in archaeological sites from the Syrian coast.
It is the contents of the Kingdom Hall Mary - (Tel Hariri) there are groups of hardware and military weapons and stone artifacts, pottery, jewelry, bracelets, At and contracts made up of gold beads and azure and garnets.The contents of the Syrian Department of Antiquities of the covenants classical Greek and ByzantineAt first there is the lobby of the museum has offered the most beautiful statues discovered in Latakia is made up of the corridors of the most important:
The first hallway and allocated this interface hallway of marble and bronze statues and ivory, which represents a number of children and women, such as marble statue is famed for its beauty and HH thinking, and has also included a number of paintings gallery various reliefs.Pavilion effects Horan and Jabal al-Arab: since the beginning of the second century AD taking art take him in the Hauran and Jabal al-Arab important center of centers of artistic creativity where he left us masterpieces Added to the human heritage of civilization, where there are in the region of hundreds of important archaeological sites in the shield and endosperm (Jabal al-Arab ) to find a natural museum across the region.Effects of Palmyra and wing roleAllocated Suite Palmyra to display some paintings, and some of the various marble statues and a number of important artifacts from the civilization of ancient Palmyra,Hall a Orpos role has allocated a number of paintings and drawings and ceramic sculptures variety of role Orpos and many other discoveries. This suite also includes both: a synagogue role  - cemetery Brhaa - Suite gold ornaments - Hall of money -.Roman art wing, Greek, ByzantinePresented at the interfaces wing Roman and Greek and Byzantine collections of important implications for civilization Romanian, Byzantine and Greek-infested ruins and cities in thousands of archaeological sites along the Syrian territory of the cities and fortresses, churches and monasteries, and exhibits some artifacts, bowls, plates pottery decorated and bracelets and ornaments, saddle, and statues and monuments marble , crockery and glass and stone, as well as a number of multi-Syriac manuscripts, models of art textiles Tadmuriyyah.
And Tstqublna Park Museum of Fine set of statues and monuments and the doors and windows and paintings mosaic and column capitals and coffins and a number of masterpieces of sculpture, and show these effects stone between roses and flowers scattered all corners of the museum as well as trees and herbs that look the most beautiful part her.
Arab and Islamic Department of Archaeology and the Museum of Modern ArtWestern Heer Palace, one of the palaces colorful built by Umayyad caliphs and princes in the Syrian Desert is located in the south-west of Palmyra and 80 kilometers, which gives us a clear idea of ​​the emergence of architecture and art decoration in the Umayyad. And has been rebuilt and the creation and restoration of most of the interfaces and Heer Palace western parts within the National Building Museum in Damascus and stands Hamajma in the museum from the outside interface and offered in sections of the palace some effects and rare paintings.
Baha ArabEstablished the pattern of the Syrian Arab and make her galleries south and west, and was in the middle of the establishment (fountain) of colored marbles as in the Damascene houses from the late Ottoman era, offered the artifact, from the stone stucco natural have carved in the form of a lion, one of the Abbasid, and Shahdtan (Single gravestone) of stone were found in Damascus (Bab al-Saghir Cemetery) first Abu Darda of the Prophet Mohammed and the second to his wife Umm al-Darda.
Hall tendernessSome holdings this room set some of the effects of tenderness. Including antiques and porcelain wares, antiques and colorful wooden models and multiple sets of gilded copper coins arrived and the actual weighing up to 50 kg, an Arab, Byzantine and a number of exhibits.
There is also the Damascene Hall representing artistic trends in bending century AH They represent the Arab-Islamic art arabesque, and Wood Hall, then manuscripts Hall, and Hall pottery and porcelain, stone hall. As the stone is the main material for construction has me in this matter and seriously Romans and Greece aspects of sculpture and decoration were monuments remain on forever and have used the Syrians stone in large buildings and important, such as the Umayyad Mosque and castles on the tops of mountains Syrian and palaces and mosques of old churches, monasteries and many other buildings,
Glass roomsGlass industry flourished in Syria before Islam was the most important centers of Antioch and Ermnaz and some parts of the coast and the industry continued to Arab and Islamic eras. In the first glass hall offered a set of transparent glass made in a way that is not blowing colored and decorated and indicative of transparent glass and slave. In the second room has been groups of pitchers and cups, glass bottles, colored and decorated glass many of the exhibits.
Vault Tadmoury - Zenobia landfillIt represents a fabulous Palmyra cemetery dotted with sculptures and busts of a large number of personalities Tadmuriyyah scattered on the walls of the magnificent tomb.
Garden MuseumSurround the museum, especially at the entrance garden includes a number of sculptures and artifacts dating back to different civilizations Syria and overlooking the garden and interface magnificent entrance to the museum is the western gate of Heer Palace.