Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal and Hindi: ताज महल "Taj palaces  Indian: ताज महल, from Persian / Erdoah Taj Mahal" " which is the tomb of wonderful creation, elegant architecture of white marble no hate Bottar Pradesh, India. Built King Shah Jahan Mughal emperor(1630 - 1648) to include the remains of Wife Erjmend Banobiگm "third wife and know which shop and guide him in her passion to commemorate the anniversary. Taj Mahal and the word distorted the name that she was carrying the princess, which Mumtaz Mahal. Designed by architect known Mr. Issa Al-Shirazi and Amanullah Khan Shirazi.With Fetched white marble was built from Gdaabur on a bench covered with white marble surface, and set up at every corner of the terrace minaret inconsistent parts height of 37 m. Surrounds Bdaúr all, including three balconies, and in the middle of the terrace brings the shrine in the form of four, and occupies the central part of the main dome building, and 17 m in diameter. And a height of 22.5 m. Each of the four facades of the building entrance high indoor contract, and under the great dome above the central building shrine Princess, and beside the tomb of her husband, both decorated with inscriptions written. And is one of the most beautiful Islamic architecture style models where it is known widely as "the jewel of Islamic art in India and one of the timeless masterpieces in the world"

Main article: Origins of the Taj Mahal and architecture

In 1631, Shah Jahan, the ruler of the Mughal Empire India at the height of the full throttle, bleak when she died his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal, during the birth of their fourteenth child, substance Baiqam. Construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632. Court records for consolation Shah Jehan describes traditional love story and that has become a source of inspiration for the Taj Mahal. Been completed from the main shrine in 1648 and the buildings and the surrounding park ended five years later. Emperor Shah Jahan described the Taj Mahal with these words:

Is the comet must resort to here,

Such forgiven him, become free from sin.

Should the sinner to find his way to the palace,

All previous sins disposed away.

Sight this create Tnahid palace sorrow;

And the sun and the moon shed tears from their eyes.

In this world this edifice was built;

To show the glory of the Creator.

Includes building the Taj Mahal expansion of traditional design and also Architecture and Persian and Mughal architecture at the beginning. This inspiration for came from the success of the arts Timorese and buildings Mughal, including the tomb of Prince Gore (tomb Timor, the predecessor of the Mughal dynasty, in Samarkand) tomb Humayun, and the Mausoleum I its (sometimes called. Crown small), and the Mosque of Jahan Nama. Constructed buildings in the first place earlier in the Mughal red sandstone, and encouraged the Shah Jahan on the use of white marble from semi-precious stones, and has reached the buildings that were under his care to a new level of performance and accuracy.

The Taj Mahal complex is surrounded by balconies on the walls of red sand stones from three sides, and facing the river from the left side open. Outside the walls there are several shrines, including the tombs of Shah Jahan other wives, and a large shrine to the Custodian of the preferred Excellent. These structures consist of red sand stones mainly, a miniature models of Mughal tombs of the era. Internal aspects of the walls facing the garden and nose corridors adorned with columns, a property matching Indian temples and later entered into Mughal mosques. Enters in the dome of the temple wall, and small places were probably to watch or watch towers like house music, which is now used as a museum.

Artist impression of the Taj Mahal from the Smithsonian Institution.

Major Output is mostly a huge monument built of marble inspired by the memory of Mughal architecture with the early emperors ..  reflect form arches shrines, and Besthak (gate or entrance) enters arches in handwriting design which adorns the tomb. Mechanism is also used sculpture engraved and colored stones for decoration with floral decorations. Vaulted ceilings and walls with elaborate geometric designs, such as those found in other buildings built of sand stones in the complex. Plinth and the grave took approximately twelve years to complete, and took the remaining parts of the complex additional ten years for the construction of minarets and the mosque gate. Because the complex was built in stages; varied opinions and contradictions abounded about the completion date. For example, the mausoleum was essentially complete in 1643, but work was continuing on the rest of the complex. Different estimates of construction costs, because of the difficulty of estimating the costs over time, and estimated the total cost of about 32 million rupees at the time Taj Mahal was built using materials from all over India and Asia, has been used more than 1,000 elephant to transport construction materials.

Translucent white marble brought from Makrana, Rajasthan, jasper from Punjab, jade and crystal from China, turquoise from Tibet, lapis lazuli from Afghanistan, while the sapphire came from Sri Lanka and garnet from the Arabian Peninsula. In total, was white marble restaurant Twenty eight species of precious and semi-precious stones.

Were recruited workforce amounted to twenty thousand workers from all over India; and sculptors from Bukhara, calligraphers from Syria and Persia, technicians decoration and vaccination of South India, and Ahadjarin were from Balochistan, in addition to specialists in the construction of towers and people their mission only marbles in the form of flowers and they were part of the total workers numbered thirty-seven factor formed together creative unit building. Some of the builders involved in the construction of the Taj Mahal:

Ismail Effendi (also known as Ismail Khan): From the Ottoman Empire - Turkish architect and designer main dome

Mr. Issa (Issa Mohammed Effendi): From Persia - Turkish architect, trained by al-Khawaja Mimar Sinan Agha architect of the Ottoman Empire, and because a lot of the credit and praise he played a major role in the architectural design.

 Bjøro of Abarros: Persia architect supervisor.

Kazim Khan: a native of Lahore - his gold molding to put on the top of the building.

Charngela: lapidary from Delhi - the main sculptor and responsible for the mosaic.

Khan Secretariat of Shiraz: Iran - master calligrapher

Mohammed Hanif: Supervisor Builders.